Robots Unlimited:
Life in a Virtual Age
by David Levy

Full Bibliography (Alphabetical)

The bibliography in the book covers all the
references from which quotations are taken, which appear with a numbered
reference in square brackets in the text.

The full bibliography on which this book is based is far too extensive to be
included in the book and has therefore been made available here.

The references are sorted alphabetically by author or by title if there is no
listed author. For sources that are quoted in the text, the square-bracket
reference with the chapter number appears at the end of the reference.

There is a version of
the bibliography arranged sequentially by chapter.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X Y
Z

A

“Monkey See, Robot Do”. David Adam. Nature Science Update, 16
November 2000. Available at http://www.nature.com/nsu/001116/001116-9.html.

“Molecular Computation of Solutions to Combinatorial Problems”. Leonard
Adelman, Science, vol. 266, 11 November 1994,
pp. 1021–1024.

“A Note on the Computer Solution of Connect-Four”. James Allen. In
Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence: the First Computer
Olympiad, (Eds.) David Levy and Don Beal, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1989,
pp. 134–135.

“A Knowledge-Based Approach of Connect-Four. The Game is Solved: White wins.”
Victor Allis. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Free
University, Amsterdam, 1988.

“Automated Composition in Retrospect: 1956–1986”. Charles Ames.
Leonardo, vol. 20, no. 2, 1987, pp. 169–185.

“The Markov Process as a Compositional Model: A Survey and Tutorial”. Charles
Ames. Leonardo, vol. 22, no. 2, 1989, pp. 175–187.

Personal communication, Russ Andersson. ([2] Ch. 8)

“A Case-Based Approach to Modelling Legal Expertise”. Kevin Ashley and Edwina
Rissland. IEEE Expert, vol. 3, no. 3, 1988,
pp. 70–77.

“CHESS 4.5 – The Northwestern University Chess Program”. Larry Atkin and
David Slate. In Chess Skill in Man and Machine, (Ed.) Peter Frey,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1977, pp. 82–118. Reprinted in Computer
Chess Compendium, David Levy, Batsford, London, 1988, pp. 80–103.

“Agent-Based Continuous Planning”. Ruth Aylett, Alexandra Coddington and Gary
Petley. In Proceedings of the 19th Workshop of the UK Planning and
Scheduling Special Interest Group (PLANSIG), 2000. Available at http://mcs.open.ac.uk/plansig2000/Papers/aylett.pdf.

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B

“Make Robots Not War: Some Scientists Refuse to Get Paid for Killer Ideas”.
Erik Baard. The Village Voice, 10–16 September 2003. Available at http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0337/baard.php.
([15] Ch. 13)

“The Awari Oracle”.Henri Bal and John Romein. Available at http://awari.cs.vu.nl/.

“Robot finger has feeling”. Philip Ball. Nature Science Update, 3
March 2003. Available at http://www.nature.com/nsu/030303/030303-4.html.
Report on the article “Artificial Muscles with Tactile Sensitivity”, Toribio
Fernández Otero and Maria Teresa Cortés, Advanced Materials,
vol. 15, 2003, pp. 279–282. ([6] Ch. 11)

“CMOS-compatible Three-Dimensional Image Sensor IC”. Cyrus Bamji. US Patent
number 6,323,942, 27 November 2001.

“The Present Status of Automatic Translation of Languages”. Yehoshua
Bar-Hillel, American Documentation, vol. 2, 1951,
pp. 229–237. ([7] Ch. 2)

“The Present Status of Automatic Translation of Languages”. Yehoshua
Bar-Hillel. In Advances in Computers, vol. 1, (Ed.) F. Alt,
Academic Press, New York, 1960, pp. 91–163.

History of the Western World. Harry Barnes. Harcourt, Brace and
Company, New York, 1937. ([7] Ch. 9)

“Integrating the ORTONY/CLORE/COLLINS Model of Emotion in Embodied
Characters”. Christoph Bartneck. In Virtual Conversational Characters:
Applications, Methods, and Research Challenge, Workshop Papers, 2002.
Available at http://www.vhml.org/cgi-bin/HF2002/create_paper_page?bartneck.

“The Role of Emotion in Believable Agents”. Joseph Bates. Communications
of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 37, no. 7, July
1994, pp. 122–125.

“An Autonomous Molecular Computer for Logical Control of Gene Expression”.
Uri Ben-Dor, Yaakov Benenson, Rivka Adar, Binyamin Gil and Ehud
Shapiro. Nature, vol. 429, 2004, pp. 423–42.

“Towards an Ethics of Persuasive Technology”. Daniel Berdichevsky and Eric
Neuenschwander. Communications of the ACM, vol. 42, no. 5,
May 1999, pp. 51–58. ([25] Ch. 13)

“BKG—A Program that Plays Backgammon”. Hans Berliner. Computer Science
Department Technical Report, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA,
1977. Reprinted in Computer Games I, (Ed.) David Levy, Springer-Verlag,
New York, 1988, pp. 3–28.

“Backgammon Computer Program Beats World Champion.” Hans Berliner.
Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14, 1980, pp. 205–220.
Reprinted in Computer Games I, (Ed.) David Levy, Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1988, pp. 29–43. ([7] Ch. 3)

“Decoding Minds, Foiling Adversaries”. Sharon Berry. Signal, October
2001, p. 55. ([6] Ch. 10)

“Beyond Computation: A Talk with Rodney Brooks”. Edge, Edge
Foundation, Inc., 6 March 2002. Available at http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/brooks_beyond/beyond_index.html.([9]
Ch. 11)

“Opponent Modeling in Poker”. Darse Billings, Denis Papp, Jonathan Schaeffer
and Duane Szafron. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
Artificial Intelligence (AAAi 98), AAAI Press/MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,
1998, pp. 493–499.

“The Challenge of Poker”. Darse Billings, Aaron Davidson, Jonathan Schaeffer
and Duane Szafron. Artificial Intelligence, vol. 134,
no. 1-2, 2002, pp. 201–240.

“Consciousness in Meme Machines”. Susan Blackmore. Journal of
Consciousness Studies, vol. 10, no. 4–5, 2003, pp. 19–30.
Also available at http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Articles/JCS03.htm.
([4] Ch. 12)([26] Ch. 13)

Letter to New Scientist. Susan Blackmore. 9 August 2003, p. 28.
([3] Ch. 12)

“Monkey Think, Robot Do”. Sandra Blakeslee. New York Times, 13
October 2003. Also available at http://www.wireheading.com/brainstim/thoughtcontrol.html.
([5] Ch. 10)

“What Was Llull Up to?” Anthony Bonner. Presented at the Honorary Session of
ARTS 1997 at Palma de Mallorca. Available at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/5284/compbon.html.

“How DNA Computers Will Work”. Kevin Bonsor. Available at http://computer.howstuffworks.com/dna-computer2.htm.

Same Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe. John Boswell. Villard, New
York, 1994.

Faster Than Thought. Lord Bertram Bowden. Pitman, London, 1953. ([3]
Ch. 5)

“Problem on a DNA Computer”. Ravinderjit Braich, Nickolas Chelyapov, Cliff
Johnson, Paul Rothemund and Leonard Adleman. Science, vol. 296, 19
April 2002, pp. 499–502. ([4] Ch. 9)

“Chess is Too Easy”. Selmer Bringsjord. MIT’s Technology Review,
March/April 1998, pp. 23–28. For a detailed description of BRUTUS, see
Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity: Inside the Mind of BRUTUS,
a Storytelling Machine, Selmer Bringsjord and David Ferrucci,
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, 2000. ([7] Ch. 5)

“Humanoid Robotics: Ethical Considerations”. David Bruemmer. Available at http://www.inel.gov/adaptiverobotics/humanoidrobotics/ethicalconsiderations.shtml.
([10] Ch. 13)

“Just Another Artefact: Ethics and the Empirical Experience of AI”. Joanna
Bryson and Phil Kime. In Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on
Cybernetics, International Association for Cybernetics, Namur, Belgium,
1998, pp. 385–390. ([23] Ch. 13)

“Creativity at the Metalevel”. AAAI-2000 Presidential Address. Bruce
Buchanan. AI Magazine,vol. 22, no. 3, Fall 2001,
pp. 13–28. ([1] Ch. 5) ([6] Ch. 6)

“W. Stanley Jevons, Allan Marquand, and the Origins of Digital Computing”.
George Buck and Stephen Hunka. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing,
vol. 21, no. 4, 1999, pp. 21–27.

“An Electrical Logic Machine”. Benjamin Burack, Science,
vol. 109, 17 June 1949, p. 610.

Erewhon. Samuel Butler. Trübner and Co., London, 1872. Second
edition, 1901. Available at www.hoboes.com/html/FireBlade/Butler/Erewhon/. ([1]
Ch. 12)([27] Ch. 13)

“Computer Ethics”. Terrell Bynam. Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy. Available at http://plato.stanford.edu/. ([14]
Ch. 13)

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C

“Constructive induction on domain knowledge”. Jamie Callan and Paul Utgoff.
In Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, July 14–19, 1991, vol. 2, AAAI Press/MIT Press,
Cambridge, MA, 1991, pp. 614–619.

“Narrative Prose Generation”. Charles Callaway and James Lester. In
Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2001, pp. 1241–1250. A longer
paper by the same authors and with the same title appears in Artificial
Intelligence, vol. 139, no. 2, August 2002, pp. 213–252.

“Science, and Music, with Exuberance and Humility”. Vladi Chaloupka.
Available at http://www.phys.washington.edu/~vladi/WM.html.
([10] Ch. 9)

Syntactic Structures. Noam Chomsky. Mouton and Co., The Hague,
1957.

“Simulated Human Interaction Systems”. Dominic Choy. U.S. Patent number
6,695,770, 24 February 2004. (Patent documents are available from many
free-of-charge web sites, for example, http://gb.espacenet.com/.)([8]
Ch. 11)

“Mozart’s Musikalisches Würfelspiel”. John Chuang. Available at http://sunsite.univie.ac.at/Mozart/dice/,
1995.

“The Further Exploits of AARON, Painter”. Harold Cohen. Stanford
Humanities Review, vol. 4, no. 2, 1995, pp. 141–160. ([10]
Ch. 5)

“Computer Poker”. Technical Report TR 95-22, Department of Computing Science,
University of Alberta, 1995.

“Machine to Play the Game of Nim”. Edward Condon, Gerald Towney and Willard
Derr. US Patent number 2,215,544, 24 September 1940. Obtainable online at http://gb.espacenet.com/ and several other
patent sites.

“Belle Chess Hardware”. Joe Condon and Ken Thompson. In Advances in
Computer Chess 3, (Ed.) Michael Clarke, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982,
pp. 45–54.

“‘God Spot’ is Found in Brain”. Steve Connor. Los Angeles Times, 29
October 1997. ([21] Ch. 12)

“Some Instrumental Aids to Research on Speech”. Frank Cooper. Report on the
Fourth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Teaching,
Georgetown University Press, Washington, 1953, pp. 46–53.

Virtual Music: Computer Synthesis of Musical Style. David Cope. MIT
Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001. See also David Cope’s home page at http://arts.ucsc.edu/faculty/cope/.
([9] Ch. 5)

David Cope’s home page. Available at http://arts.ucsc.edu/faculty/cope/.

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D

How to Build Your Own Working Robot Pet. Frank Dacosta. Tab Books,
Blue Ridge Summit, PA, 1979.

“A Machine Learning Approach to Musical Style Recognition”. Roger Dannenburg,
Belinda Thom and David Watson. In Proceedings of the 1997 International
Computer Music Conference, International Computer Music Association, San
Francisco, 1997, pp. 344–347.

DARPA Grand Challenge Web site. Available at http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/qa.html.
([3] Ch. 8)

“I Could Be You: The Phenomenological Dimension of Social Understanding”.
Kerstin Dautenhan. Cybernetics and Systems Journal, vol. 28, 1997,
pp. 417–453.

“Ears for Computers”. Edward David. Scientific American,
vol. 192, February 1955, pp. 92–98. ([6] Ch. 1)

“Improved Opponent Modeling in Poker”. Aaron Davidson, Darse Billings,
Jonathan Schaeffer and Duane Szafron. In Proceedings of the 2000
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI 2000), AAAI
Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2000, pp 1467–1473.

The Selfish Gene. Richard Dawkins. Paladin, London, 1976. ([5]
Ch. 12)

Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning. Christian de Duve.
Oxford University Press, New York, 2002. ([8] Ch. 9)

“Robokitty”. Hugo de Garis. New York Times Magazine, 1 August
1999.([15] Ch. 9)

“Cosmism: Nano-Electronics and 21st Century Global Ideological Warfare”. Hugo
de Garis. Available at http://www.cs.usu.edu/~degaris/essays/COSMISM.html.
(Numbers corrected via personal communication.) ([16] Ch. 9)

“Towards a Versatile Self-Learning Board Game Program”. Aubrey de Grey. Final
Project, Tripos in Computer Science, University of Cambridge, 1985.

Thinking by Machine: A Study of Cybernetics. Pierre de Latil.
(Translation by Y.M.Golla.) Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1953.

“Cog: Steps Towards Consciousness in Robots”. Daniel Dennett. In
Conscious Experience, (Ed.) Thomas Metzinger, Imprint Academic
Schöningh, Paderborn, 1995, pp. 471–487.

Discourse on the Right Method for Conducting One’s Reason and Discovering
the Truth in the Sciences. René Descartes. 1637, translated in The
Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Cottingham, Stoothoff and Murdoch,
vol. 1, part 5, pp. 131–141, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
U.K., 1985. ([4] Ch. 2)

“A Synthetic Speaker”. Homer Dudley, Richard Riesz and Stanley Watkins.
Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 227, no. 6, June
1939, pp. 739–764.

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E

“An Expert System for Schenkerian Synthesis of Chorales in the Style of
J.S.Bach”. Kemal Ebcioğlu. In Proceedings of the International Computer
Music Conference 1984, Computer Music Association, San Francisco, 1984,
pp. 135–142.

“Bandai’s Golden Egg”. Rebecca Eisenber.
Pathfinder-Netlynewsnetwork, 21 March 1997. Available at http://www.virtualpet.com/vp/farm/lleg/newsnet.htm.

“Point of View: Modeling the Emotions of Others”. Clark Elliott and Andrew
Ortony. In Proceedings 14th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science
Society, Laurence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, 1992, pp. 809–814.

“Variables Influencing the Intensity of Simulated Affective States”. Clark
Elliott and Greg Siegel. In AAAI technical report for the Spring Symposium
on Reasoning about Mental States: Formal Theories and Applications,
American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Palo Alto, CA, 1993,
pp. 58–67.

“Letter-to-Sound Rules for Automatic Translation of English Text to
Phonetics”. Honey Elovitz, R. Johnson, A. McHugh and J. Shore. IEEE
Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 24
(ASSP-24), 1976, pp. 446–459.

“The Use of Personality in Intelligent Agents”. Steve Engels. Computer
Science Department, University of Toronto, Final Report CS 685, December
1999.

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F

“Feature Discovery for Problem Solving Systems”. Tom Fawcett. Ph.D.
dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, MA, 1993.

“Automatic feature generation for problem solving systems”. Tom Fawcett and
Paul Utgoff. In Proceedings of the Ninth Interntational Workshop on Machine
Learning (Aberdeen, Scotland), (Eds.) Derek Sleeman and Peter Edwards,
Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo, CA, 1992, pp. 144–153.

WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. (Ed.) Christine Fellbaum.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.

“STRIPS: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to Problem
Solving”. Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson. Artificial Intelligence,
vol. 2, 1971, pp. 189–208.

“Computer Model of Gambling and Bluffing”. Nicholas Findler. IRE
Transactions on Electronic Computers, vol. EC-10, no. 1, March
1961, pp. 5–6. Reprinted in Computer Games II, (Ed.) David Levy,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987, pp. 409–412.

“Studies in Machine Cognition Using the Game of Poker”. Nicholas Findler.
Communications of the ACM, vol. 20, no. 4, 1977,
pp. 230–245. Reprinted in Computer Games II, (Ed.) David Levy,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987, pp. 430–457.

“Computer Poker”. Nicholas Findler. Scientific American,
vol. 239, July 1978, pp. 144–151.

Introductory note in Thomas Albert Sebeok, The Play of Musement.
Max Fisch. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1981. ([4],
Ch. 1)

The Tomorrow Makers. Grant Fjermedal. MacMillan Publishing Company,
New York, 1986.([10] Ch. 10)

Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception. James Flanagan.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1965, particularly pp. 166–167.

“On the Morality of Artificial Agents”. Luciano Floridi and Jeff Sanders. In
Conference on Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiries—IT and the
Body, University of Lancaster, 14–16 December 2001. Available at http://www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk/~floridi/pdf/maa.pdf.
([24] Ch. 13)

“‘Cog’, A Humanoid Robot and the Question of Imago Dei”. Anne Foerst.
Zygon: Journal for Religion and Science, vol. 33, 1998,
pp. 91–111. ([18] Ch. 12)

“Anne Foerst’s Home Page”. Available at http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/annef/anne.f.html.
([17] Ch. 12)

“Silicon Sycophants: The Effects of Computers that Flatter”. B. J. Fogg and
Clifford Nass. Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 46, 1997,
pp. 551–561.

“Take Your Partners”. Barry Fox. New Scientist, 20 January 2001.
([7] Ch. 11)

“Advanced Automation for Space Missions”. (Ed.) Robert A. Freitas Jr. In
Proceedings of the 1980 NASA/ASEE Summer Study, University of Santa
Clara, NASA Conference Publication 2255. ([11] Ch. 11)

“The Legal Rights of Robots”. Robert Freitas, Jr. Student Lawyer,
vol. 13, January 1985, pp. 54–56. A later draft is available at http://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/LegalRightsOfRobots.htm.
([5] Ch. 13)

“Poetry Digital Media and Cybertext”. Chris Funkhouser. Available at http://web.njit.edu/~cfunk/SP/hypertext/POETRY%20DIGITAL%20MEDIA%20CYBERTEXT2.doc.
([4] Ch. 5)

“Arguments Against Strong AI”. Edmund Furse. Available at http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/staff/efurse/Theology-of-Robots/Arguments-Against.html.
([22] Ch. 12)

“Moral and Social Issues”. Edmund Furse. Available at http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/staff/efurse/Theology-of-Robots/Moral-Issues.html.
([8] Ch. 13)

“The Religious Life of Robots”. Edmund Furse. Available at http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/staff/efurse/Theology-of-Robots/Religious-life.html.
([23] Ch. 12)

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G

“The Ars Magna of Ramon Llull”. Martin Gardner. In Logic Machines and
Diagrams (2nd Edition), The Harvester Press, Brighton, U.K., 1982,
pp. 1–27.

“Solving Nine Men's Morris”. Ralph Gasser. Computational
Intelligence, vol. 12, 1996, pp. 24–41.

“Towards Emotional Computer-Interaction”. Marije Geldof. Available at http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mmc/mci/content_pages/opdrachtvoorbeelden/PaperMCI-mgeldof.doc.

Genetic Programming Inc. home page. Available at http://www.genetic-programming.com/.

Die Philosophischen Schriften von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz vol.
VII. (Ed.)C Gernardt. Republished by George Olms, Hildesheim, 1961. Translated
by Frank Copley. ([2] Ch. 1)

“GIB: Imperfect Information in a Computationally Challenging Game”. Matthew
Ginsberg. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 14,
2001, pp. 303–358. ([5] Ch. 3)

“Multi-shell Microspheres with Integrated Chromatographic and Detection
Layers for Use in Array Sensors”. Adrian Goodey and John McDevitt. Journal
of the American Chemistry Society, vol. 125, 2003,
pp. 2870–2871.

“A Droid for All Seasons”. Duncan Graham-Rowe. New Scientist, 13 May
2000.([10] Ch. 11)

“The Greenblatt Chess Program”. Richard Greenblatt, Donald Eastlake 3rd and
Stephen Crocker. In Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference,
1967, pp. 801–810. Reprinted in Computer Chess Compendium, David Levy,
Batsford, London, 1988, pp. 56–66.

“Decomposition of a Visual Scene into Three-Dimensional Bodies”. Alfonso
Guzman. AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, vol. 33, 1968,
pp. 291–304.

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H

Personal communication, Arthur Harkins, 2003. ([11] Ch. 10)

“The Stanhope Demonstrator”. Robert Harley. Mind, vol. IV,
1879, pp. 192–210.

“Can a Machine Be Conscious? How?” Stevan Harnad. Journal of
Consciousness Studies, vol. 10, no. 4–5, April/May 2003,
pp. 69–75. ([8] Ch. 12)

“The Microbial Genetic Algorithm”. Inman Harvey. Letter to Evolutionary
Computation, 19 January 1996.

“AI’s Greatest Trends and Controversies”. (Eds.) Marti Hearst and Haym Hirsh.
IEEE Intelligent Systems, January 2000, pp. 8–17. Also available
at http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/mags/ex/&toc=comp/mags/ex/2000/01/x1toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/5254.820322.
([3] Ch. 2) ([2] Ch. 9) ([12] Ch. 11)

“Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language Processing”. Gary Hendrix. In
Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, William Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, 1977, pp. 183–191.

“Super-Intelligent Machines.” Bill Hibbard. Computer Graphics,
vol. 35, no. 1, 2001, pp. 11–13. ([19] Ch. 13)

“Neural Network Based Electronic Nose for Apple Ripeness Determination”. Evor
Hines, Eduard Llobet and Julian Gardner. Electronic Letters,
vol. 35, no. 10, 13 May 1999, pp. 821–823.

“Outline for a Logical Theory of Adaptive Systems”. John Holland. Journal
of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 9, 1962,
pp. 297–314. ([5] Ch. 6)

“The Federalist Revisited: New Directions in Authorship Attribution”. David
Holmes and Richard Forsyth. Linguistic and Literary Computing,
vol. 10, 1995, pp. 111–127.

“The Creativity Machine”. Robert Holmes. New Scientist,
vol. 149, no. 2013, 20 January 1996, pp. 22–26. ([4]
Ch. 6)

“A Pragmatic Note”. Sidney Hook. In Dimsensions of Mind, (Ed.)
Sidney Hook, Proceedings of 3rd Annual Symposium of New York University
Institute of Philosophy, May 15–16, 1959, New York University Press, New
York, 1960. ([13] Ch. 12)

Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess
Champion. Feng-Hsiung Hsu. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ,
2002.

Experiments in Induction. Earl Hunt, Janet Marin and Philip Stone.
Academic Press, New York, 1966.

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I

Imagination Engines, Inc. web site. Available at http://www.imagination-engines.com/.

“The Mount Sinai Division of Gastroenterology at the Beginning of the 21st
Century”. Steven Itkowitz. Mount Sinai Journal, vol. 68,
no. 2, 1968, pp. 96–101.

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J

“Indians Envision Sex Aid Add-Ons To ASIMO”. Ricky James. SciScoop,
12 September 2003. Available at http://www.sciscoop.com/story/2003/9/12/74338/7915.

“On the Mechanical Performance of Logical Inference”. William Jevons.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, vol. 160, 1870,
pp. 497–518.

The Principles of Science: A Treatise of Knowledge and Scientific
Method. William Stanley Jevons. Dover Publications, New York, 1958.
(Originally published in 1874.) ([3] Ch. 1)

“Sharp Unit to License IP from U.S. Labs”. Colin Johnson. EE Times,
22 March 2004.

“Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us”. Bill Joy. Wired, vol. 8,
no. 4, April 2000, pp. 238–262. ([11] Ch. 13)

Brighter Than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic
Scientists. Robert Jungk. Harvest/HBJ Books, New York, 1970. ([16]
Ch. 13)

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K

“The New Pet Craze: Robovacs”. Leander Kahney. Wired News, 16
June 2003, available at http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,59249,00.html.
([4] Ch. 8)

“Sexbots”. Jon Katz. Posted on

http://slashdot.org/features/99/03/09/1544207.shtml,
10 March 1999.([5] Ch. 11)

“A Slug Detection System for the SlugBot”. Ian Kelly and Chris Melhuish. In
Towards Intelligent Mobile Robots (TIMR01), (Proceedings of the 3rd
British Conference on Autonomous Mobile Robots), (Eds.)Ulrich Nehmzow and Chris
Melhuisch, published as Technical Report UMCS-01-4-1, Department of
Computer Science, Manchester University, April 2001.

Man and the Computer. John Kemeny. Charles Scribner's Sons, New
York, 1972.

“Musurgia universalis sive ars magna consoni et dissoni.” Athanasius Kircher,
1650.

“Experiments With a Computer Learning Routine”. Russell Kirsch. National
Bureau of Standards Electronic Computers Laboratory, Washington DC, July
1954.

Kismet Project Web site. Available at http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics%20group/kismet/kismet.html.

“Syncopation by Automation”. Martin Klein. Radio Electronics, June
1957, pp. 36–38. ([8] Ch. 5)

Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural
Selection. John Koza. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992.

“Spontaneous Emergence of Self-Replicating and Evolutionarily Self-Improving
Computer Programs”. John R. Koza. In Artificial Life III: Proceedings of the
Workshop on Artificial Life Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 14–19,
1992, Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1993, pp. 225–262.

The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human
Intelligence. Ray Kurzweil. Viking Press, New York, 1999. (Republished by
Penguin in 2000.) ([1] Ch. 9) ([13] Ch. 9) ([9] Ch. 12)

“Promise and Peril”. Ray Kurzweil. Interactive Week, 23 October
2000. Reproduced at http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0156.html?printable=1.

“The Law of Accelerating Returns”. Ray Kurzweil. Posted on KurzweilAI.net, 7
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